重庆市城市园林绿化条例

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重庆市城市园林绿化条例

重庆市人大


重庆市城市园林绿化条例
重庆市人大


第一章 总 则
第一条 了为促进社会、经济、环境协调发展,改善生态环境,美化城市,增进人民身心健康,根据《中华人民共和国城市规划法》和国务院《城市绿化条例》等法律、法规,结合本市实际,制定本条例。
第二条 本条例适用于本市城市规划区内公共绿地、单位附属绿地、居住区绿地、防护绿地、生产绿地、风景林地和城市道路绿化、建(构)筑物附属绿化的规划、建设和管理。
第三条 城市园林绿化应坚持以下原则:
(一)统一领导,分级负责;
(二)统一规划,配套建设;
(三)城市生态与城市景观建设相结合。
第四条 各级人民政府应以创建山水园林城市为目标,加强对城市园林绿化工作的领导,把城市园林绿化纳入国民经济和社会发展规划,并组织实施。
第五条 市城市园林绿化主管部门负责全市城市园林绿化管理工作,并按职责分工负责管理城市全民义务植树工作。
区、县(市)城市园林绿化主管部门负责本辖区城市园林绿化管理工作。
街道办事处、镇人民政府根据本条例规定负责本辖区城市园林绿化管理工作。
国家机关、社会团体、部队、学校和企业事业单位负责本单位的园林绿化管理工作。
第六条 城市园林绿化主管部门应开展并组织、指导有关单位进行城市园林绿化科学研究,推广先进技术,不断提高城市园林绿化水平。
第七条 公民应增强绿化意识,依法履行绿化义务,自学维护绿化成果及其设施。
城市园林绿化及其设施受国家法律保护。对违反本条例规定的,任何单位和个人有制止和检举、控告的权利。
第八条 在城市园林绿化的规划、建设和管理中,有突出成绩的单位和个人,由各级人民政府或城市园林绿化主管部门给予表彰和奖励。

第二章 规划
第九条 全市城市园林绿化规划,由市城市园林绿化主管部门会同市规划行政主管部门根据《重庆市城市总体规划》编制,报市人民政府批准后组织实施。
各区、县(市)的城市园林绿化规划,由区、县(市)城市园林绿化主管部门根据全市城市园林绿化规划编制。渝中区、江北区、沙坪坝区、九龙坡区、南岸区、北碚区、大渡口区、渝北区、巴南区(以下简称市区),由区人民政府初审,经市城市园林绿化主管部门审查,报市规划行

政主管部门批准;其他区、县(市)报区、县(市)人民政府批准,送市城市园林绿化主管部门备案。
各单位编制的绿化规划,由所在区、县(市)规划行政主管部门和城市园林绿化主管部门审批,报其上级主管部门备案。
第十条 市人民政府应在市区范围内划定城市绿地保护禁建区,用于城市园林绿化建设,报市人民代表大会常务委员会备案,并予以公布。
其他区、县(市)人民政府划定城市绿地保护禁建区,报同级人民代表大会常务委员会备案,并予以公布。
第十一条 公共绿地、生产绿地和城市道路绿化的规划按以下规定进行编制和报批:
(一)市级管理的,由市城市园林绿化主管部门组织编制,报市规划行政主管部门批准;
(二)市区管理的,由区城市园林绿化主管部门组织编制,经区人民政府和市城市园林绿化主管部门审查,报市规划行政主管部门批准;
(三)其他区、县(市)管理的,由区、县(市)城市园林绿化主管部门组织编制,报区、县(市)人民政府批准,送市城市园林绿化主管部门备案。
第十二条 经批准的城市园林绿化规划,必须严格执行,确需变更的,应按规划编制程序,报原批准机关批准。
第十三条 城市经地面积占建设用地总面积的规划指标为:
(一)旧城区改造不低于百分之二十五;
(二)新区开发建设不低于百分之三十,其中居住区人均公共绿地面积不低于一点二平方米;
(三)占地八十公顷以上的单位不低于百分之四十,污染严重的新建单位不低于百分之四十,并按规定设立防护林带;
(四)学校、医院、疗养院(所)、国家机关、社会团体、公共文化体育场地、部队等单位不低于百分之三十五,其他单位不低于百分之三十;
(五)城市道路的绿化覆盖率不低于百分之二十五,新建城市主干道的绿地面积不低于道路总用地面积的百分之二十;
(六)江河溪流两岸、河滩绿地及铁路、公路两侧应按规划和技术规范进行绿化。
城市绿化专业苗圃面积不低于城市建成区面积的百分之二。

第三章 建设
第十四条 城市园林绿化建设实行分工负责制:
(一)公共绿地、生产绿地、城市道路绿化和公路铁路两侧、港口、码头的绿地,由其主管部门负责;
(二)单位附属绿地由其单位负责;
(三)房屋产权交叉的居住区绿地,由街道办事处或镇人民政府负责;
(四)旧城改造、新区开发的绿地,由改造或开发单位负责;
(五)江河溪流两岸、河滩绿地,由所在地区、县(市)人民政府负责。
第十五条 城市各类建设项目的园林绿化工程,应符合以下规定:
(一)建设单位应在规划方案的总平面图上按规定指标明确绿地范围,在初步设计时应向城市园林绿化主管部门报送绿化工程设计方案图及说明书,由城市园林绿化主管部门发给绿化工程设施审查意见书。建设、规划行政主管部门对未持有绿化工程设计方案审查意见书的,不得发给建
设工程规划许可证、建设工程施工许可证;
(二)城市园林绿化投资应按建筑安装工程费用的百分之零点五至百分之二的比例列入建设项目总投资;
(三)市区范围内规划用地面积八千平方米以下的建设项目的绿化工程设计方案,由区城市园林绿化主管部门审查,报市城市园林绿化主管部门审批,并监督实施;
(四)城市园林绿化工程应在建设项目交付使用前由城市园林绿化主管部门检查验收。因季节影响不能栽植植物的,经确认后在一年内完成;
(五)未按规定时间完成或绿地建设的质量和数量未达到验收要求的,由城市园林绿化主管部门责令限期完成或整改,逾期不完成或整改的,由城市园林绿化主管部门依据重庆市城市园林绿化建设工程定额规定向责任单位代为收取。
第十六条 公园、游园、绿化广场和城市道路绿化的园林绿化建设项目设计方案,市区范围内的,由区城市园林绿化主管部门审查,报市城市园林绿化主管部门审批;其他区、县(市)的,由所在区、县(市)城市园林绿化主管部门审批,送市城市园林绿化主管部门备案。
第十七条 城市园林绿化建设必须以植物造景为主。植物种植地面积不得低于绿化用地总面积的百分之八十,园林建设占地面积不得超过总面积的百之分三。
第十八条 城市园林绿化建设应与地上地下各种城市设施管线保持规定的安全间距,规划行政主管部门应兼顾管线安全和树木生长的原则,统一安排。
第十九条 城市园林绿化工程的设计和施工,应由具有相应资格证书的设计或施工单位承担。
城市园林绿化工程设计和施工单位的资质管理,由市城市园林绿化主管部门负责。

第四章 管理
第二十条 城市园林绿化管理实行分工负责制:
(一)公共绿地、生产绿地、城市道路绿化,由城市园林绿化主管部门或有关主管部门负责;
(二)单位附属绿地由其单位负责;
(三)防护绿地由其主管部门负责;
(四)居住区绿地由街道办事处、镇人民政府或物业管理单位负责。
第二十一条 禁止任何单位和个人擅自占用城市园林绿地或修剪移植、砍伐城市树木。
第二十二条 禁止将公共绿地、防护绿地、生产绿地和风景林地出让、出租、抵押或合资、合作建设与城市园林绿化及其附属设施无关的项目。
第二十三条 因建设需要修剪、移植、砍伐城市树木和临时占用城市园林绿地,必须向城市园林绿化主管部门办理审批手续,领取许可证。
移植、砍伐城市树木和临时占用城市园林绿地,应按规定缴纳赔偿费用。临时占用城市园林绿地到期必须归还,并恢复绿地。
第二十四条 临时占用城市园林绿地不得超过两年。因特殊需要超过两年的,必须重新办理审批手续。
第二十五条 因建设需要移植、砍伐城市树木和临时占用城市园林绿地的,按下列规定办理:
(一)报送建设项目规划红线图、土地行政主管部门批准的用地文件、建设项目的总平面设计图;
(二)领取和填写申请表;
(三)按规定缴纳有关费用;
(四)由城市园林绿化主管部门签发许可证。
第二十六条 城市区域内的名树、稀有树木、胸径一百厘米以上的大树,一百年以上的古树,具有历史价值和纪念意见的树木,由城市园林绿化主管部门和有关主管部门登记造册,由树权单位挂牌标示并负责管护。严禁毁损、砍伐和擅自修剪、移植。
第二十七条 移植古树名木,由区、县(市)城市园林绿化主管部门申请,经市城市园林绿化主管部门审查,报市人民政府批准。
市区范围移植、砍伐城市树木三十株以上,或胸径在五十厘米以上的乔木,由区城市园林绿化主管部门审查,报市城市园林绿化主管部门审批。
市区范围临时占用公共绿地,临时占用一百平方米以上的生产绿地、居住区绿地、风景林地和三百平方米以上的防护绿地、单位附属绿地,由所在区城市园林绿化主管部门审查,报市城市园林绿化主管部门审批。
第二十八条 因特殊需要占用城市园林绿地,市区范围的由市城市园林绿化主管部门审查,报市人民政府批准;市区范围以外的,由所在地城市园林绿化主管部门审查,报同级人民政府批准。
占用城市园林绿地应按以下规定落实补偿措施:
(一)必须按所占面积的二至五倍偿还绿地,由建设单位完善偿还绿地的划拨、征用手续,或者按所占面积每平方米缴二千元至五千元城市园林绿地建设费;
(二)对其所占用的园林绿地附属设施、苗木给予经济赔偿。
收取的城市园林绿地建设费,必须专项用于城市园林绿地建设。
因城市公共基础设施建设和国家重点建设项目需要,市以上人民政府另有规定的,从其规定。
第二十九条 城市旧城改造建设项目确因条件限制,难以保证绿化用地,规划部门必须在附近区域规划集中绿化用地。建设单位应按规定缴纳集中绿化建设费,用于集中绿化建设。
市区范围内的集中绿化手续,由所在区域园林绿化主管部门审查,报市城市园林绿化主管部门审批。其他地奁集中绿化手续,由所在地区、县(市)城市园林绿化主管部门审批。
第三十条 禁止在公共绿地和城市道路绿化范围内以及在影响城市园林绿化景观的地带设置户外广告。
第三十一条 在城市园林绿地内,禁止下列行为:
(一)践踏和损坏草地、花卉、树木;
(二)毁损园林设施;
(三)放养家禽、家畜、宠物、捕猎、打鸟;
(四)恐吓、逗打展出动物;
(五)擅自采药挖根和采集标本;
(六)生火野炊、鸣放鞭炮;
(七)在树上晾晒衣物或依树搭棚;
(八)倾倒污物、堆放物资;
(九)擅自钻井取水,拦河截溪,取土采石;
(十)进行有损景观的其他活动。
第三十二条 城市园林绿化管理单位和树权单位,应定期对树木进行修枝整形,维护冠容。对危及交通、架空管线安全的树枝应及进修剪。
因不可抗力致使树木危及交通、管理安全,有关部门进行排危处理后五日内向城市园林绿化主管部门补办手续。
第三十三条 城市园林绿化主管部门应加强对园林植物病虫害的预防;发生病虫害时,应及时组织城市园林绿化管理单位和社会单位进行治理。
第三十四条 城市园林绿化主管部门收取的绿化赔偿费,城市园林绿地建设费,集中绿化建设费,必须用于城市园林绿化建设,不得挪作他用。其收费标准及管理办法由市人民政府制定。
权属单位收取的绿化赔偿费,必须用于本单位园林绿化建设。

第五章 法律责任
第三十五条 单位和个人擅自在城市绿地保护禁建区内修建建(构)筑物的,由城市园林绿化主管部门责令限期改正,恢复绿地,造成损失的赔偿损失,并可处十万元以下的罚款。逾期不改正的,可申请人民法院强制拆除。
第三十六条 单位和个人有下列行为之一的,由城市园林绿化主管部门按以下规定给予处罚:
(一)对不按本条例第十一条、第十二条、第十六条规定编制、报批的,责令限期改正,限期不改正的建议有关部门依法追究责任人的行政责任;
(二)对违反本条例第十三条第(一)、(二)、(三)、(四)、(五)项规定,建设项目未按规划指标进行绿化建设的,责令限期改正,拆除占用规划绿地的建(构)筑物,不能拆除的,其相差规划指标面积按每平方米商品房售价的十倍处以罚款;
(三)对违反本条例第十五条第(五)项规定,拒不承担代为绿化费用的,按应缴纳代为绿化费的一至三倍处以罚款;
(四)对违反本条例第十九条规定的,责令限期改正,造成损失的赔偿损失,并可对无相应资格证书的设计或施工单位处以五千元至一万元的罚款;
(五)对违反本条例第二十一条、第二十三条规定,擅自修剪、移植、砍伐城市树木和临时占用城市园林绿地的,责令赔偿损失,并可按赔偿费的一至二倍处以罚款;
(六)对违反本条例第二十二条规定的,责令限期改正,赔偿损失,没收违法所得,建议有关部门依法追究其责任人的行政责任,并可按直接经济损失的五至十倍处以罚款;
(七)对违反本条例第二十九条规定,拒不缴纳集中绿化建设费的,按应缴纳集中绿化建设费的一倍处以罚款;
(八)对违反本条例第三十条规定的,责令限期迁出或拆除,并可处以一万元以下的罚款;
(九)对违反本条例第三十一条规定的,责令限期改正,造成损失的赔偿损失,并可按赔偿费的一至三倍处以罚款;
(十)对擅自占用城市园林绿地的,责令限期改正,恢复绿地,赔偿损失,并处以十万元以下的罚款。
第三十七条 违反本条例第二十六条规定的单位和个人,由城市园林绿化主管部门按以下规定给予处罚:
(一)擅自修剪、移植古树木名木的,按直接经济损失的五至十倍处以罚款。
(二)毁坏、砍伐古树名木的,按直接经济损失的十至十五倍处以罚款。
情节严重构成犯罪的,依法追究刑事责任。
第三十八条 单位和个人有下列行为之一的,由公安机关依照《中华人民共和国治安管理处罚条例》有关规定给予处罚,构成犯罪的依法追究刑事责任:
(一)破坏园林设施的;
(二)盗窃树木、名贵花卉或展出动物的;
(三)阻挠城市园林绿化管理人员执行公务的。
第三十九条 当事人对行政处罚决定不服的,可依照有关法律、法规的规定,申请行政复议或者提起行政诉讼。逾期不申请复议或不起诉,又不履行的,作出处罚决定的单位可申请人民法院强制执行。
第四十条 国家机关及其工作人员有下列行为之一的,由有关部门依法给予行政处分;构成犯罪的,依法追究刑事责任:
(一)擅自同意占用城市园林绿地的;
(二)擅自发给建设工程规划许可证、建设工程施工许可证的;
(三)越权发放修剪、移植、砍伐城市树木许可证的;
(四)玩忽职守,致使城市园林绿化遭受重大损失的;
(五)挤占、挪用、贪污绿化赔偿费、城市园林绿地建设费、集中绿化建设费的;
(六)枉法作出处罚决定或复议决定的。
第四十一条 依照本条例规定所收取的罚没款,按国家规定上交财政。

第六章 附 则
第四十二条 本条例所称城市园林绿化,包括城市园林绿地、城市道路绿化及城市建(构)筑物附属绿化。
城市园林绿地(不含林业用地)系指城市用地中以自然植被、人工植被为主要使用形式的城市土地,包括:
(一)公共绿地,指公园、动物园、植物园、小游园及广场绿地等;
(二)单位附属绿地,指国家机关、社会团体、部队、学校、企业事业单位管界内的环境绿地;
(三)生产绿地,指为城市绿化提供苗木、花草和种子的苗圃、花圃、草圃等;
(四)防护绿地,指用于城市环境、卫生、安全、防灾等目的的绿带、绿地以及江河溪流两岸、河滩绿地;
(五)风景林地,指城市园林绿化主管部门管理的具有一定景观价值,在城市整体风貌和环境中起作用,但尚没有完善游览、休息、娱乐等设施的林地;
(六)居住区绿地,指居住区内除居住区区级公园外的其他绿地。
城市道路绿化,系指城市道路的配套绿化,包括行道树、人行道绿带、分车道绿带、交通转盘花坛、桥头或立交桥绿化等。
城市建(构)筑物的附属绿地,包括屋顶绿化、平台绿化、堡坎墙体绿化等。
第四十三条 本条例所称园林设施,系指城市园林绿地内的亭、台、楼、廊、道路、桥梁、雕塑、碑记、花架、护栏、动物笼舍、说明牌等园林建筑和娱乐、卫生设施。
第四十四条 本条例具体应用中的问题,由市城市园林绿化主管部门负责解释。
第四十五条 本条例自1997年11月15日起施行。



1997年10月17日
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外债登记实施细则(附英文)

国家外汇管理局


外债登记实施细则(附英文)
国家外汇管理局



(1989年11月10日国家外汇管理局发布)


第一条 为了贯彻执行《外债统计监测暂行规定》(以下简称《规定》),制定本细则。
第二条 外债系指直接从国外筹借并需以外国货币承担的具有契约性偿还义务的全部债务。具体内容包括:
(一)国际金融组织贷款:指国际货币基金组织、世界银行、亚洲开发银行、联合国农业发展基金会和其他国际性、地区性金融组织提供的贷款;
(二)外国政府贷款:指外国政府向我国提供的官方发展援助贷款;
(三)外国银行及非银行金融机构贷款:指境外银行、其他非银行金融机构及银团组织等提供的贷款;
(四)买方信贷:指发放出口信贷的外国银行向我国进口部门或银行提供的,用以购买出口国设备的贷款;
(五)外国企业贷款:指境外非金融机构提供的贷款;
(六)发行外币债券:指境内机构在境外资金市场上发行的,以外币表示券面金额的债券;
(七)国际金融租赁:指境外租赁机构向境内机构提供的融资性租赁;
(八)延期付款:指国外出口商向国内进口部门提供的,在进口货物入境三个月以后,进口企业才对外支付货款的融通;
(九)补偿贸易中直接以现汇偿还的债务:指补偿贸易合同规定以现汇偿还或经批准因故将商品偿还更改为现汇偿还的债务,包括用出口收汇补偿的债务。
(十)其他形式的外债,包括:
1.境内金融机构吸收的境外机构或私人的外币存款;
2.境内企业(包括外商投资企业)向境内外资或中外合资银行的借款等。此外,以下情况亦视为外债:
1.已在境外注册的机构以各种形式调入境内,需境内机构实际偿还的债务;
2.未在境外注册的驻外机构的对外债务;
3.外商投资企业以外方名义向外借款,所借款项用于企业股本以外的资金或设备投入,外方与企业间有合同或其他具有法律约束力的文件规定由该企业负责偿还的债务;
4.中方为外方债务出具担保,由中方实际履行偿还义务的债务;
5.外商独资企业对其母公司的债务。
第三条 国家外汇管理局及其分局为全国外债登记和管理部门(以下简称登记部门)。国家外汇管理局负责在北京的国务院各部委、公司以及银行和非银行金融机构总部的外债登记工作;各地外汇管理分局负责当地政府、金融机构和企事业单位以及中央驻地方单位、金融机构总部的外
债登记工作。
未在境外注册的驻外机构的对外借款,由派出机构所在地的外汇管理局负责登记。
第四条 外债登记分为逐笔登记和定期登记。
定期登记外债是指:国内银行和非银行金融机构借入的外债;财政部、经贸部、中国人民银行、农业部、中国银行分别负责的外国政府贷款和国际金融组织贷款。
逐笔登记外债是指:除定期登记以外的国内其他部门、企业(包括外商投资企业)借用的外债。
企事业单位委托金融机构的对外借款,由借款合同规定的债务人办理登记。
第五条 定期登记手续为:
(一)借款单位在第一笔借款合同签订后的十五天内,到所在地外汇管理部门办理登记手续,领取定期登记的《外债登记证》(以下简称《登记证》)。
(二)当新签借款契约或债务发生提款、偿还等变动情况时,借款单位应按月分别填写“外债签约情况表”和“外债变动反馈表”(以下简称反馈表),并于每月后五日内上报登记部门。
(三)借款单位需要开立现汇帐户时,应凭《登记证》和登记部门开出的开户批准书到指定开户行(以下简称开户行)办理开立外债专用现汇帐户(以下简称外债专户)手续,并于次日将回执寄送登记部门。
第六条 逐笔登记的手续为:
(一)借款单位在借款合同签约后十五天内,持借款合同副本和对外借款批件(外商投资企业不需批件),到登记部门办理外债登记手续,领取逐笔登记的《登记证》。
(二)在借款调入境内时,借款单位应凭汇款通知单和《登记证》到开户行开立外债专户,办理入帐手续。
(三)债务到期还本付息时,借款单位应持《登记证》和还本付息通知单,提前到登记部门领取还本付息核准件,凭核准件和《登记证》到开户行办理从外债专户汇出本息手续。
(四)在办理收付和开户手续后,借款单位应依据开户行开出的收付凭证填写“反馈表”,并于次日将“反馈表”、存款凭证影印件报送登记部门。
(五)借用非调入现汇而需从境内汇出借款本息的非调入形式债务的单位,应在债务实际发生后,填写“反馈表”,于次日将“反馈表”影印件寄送登记部门。在债务到期还本付息时,应凭登记部门的核准件到开户行开立“外债还本付息专用现汇帐户”(以下简称还本付息专户),办
理汇出本息手续。
(六)经国家外汇管理局或其分局批准,将借款存放境外的单位,应每月通过“反馈表”向原登记部门报送当月存款变动情况。
(七)境内机构向在华外资银行、中外合资银行借款,可以不另设帐户,但借款单位必须按有关规定履行登记和报送“反馈表”手续。
(八)在本地领取《登记证》的借款单位,如必须在异地银行办理开户、还本付息手续时,可先持本地登记部门开出的《登记证》到异地登记部门办理还本付息核准手续,异地开户行在办理手续三天后,将支付凭证的影印件报送原登记部门。
第七条 在《登记证》上记载的债务最后一次还本付息后,开户行应立即注销其“外债专户”和“还本付息专户”。借款单位应在十五天内向发证的登记部门缴销《登记证》。
第八条 开户行须具备下列条件:
(一)获准经营外汇业务的国内银行;
(二)能密切配合登记部门搞好外债监测工作。
国家外汇管理局及其分局按照业务需要指定开户行。
第九条 开户行应履行下列职责:
(一)监督帐户的使用。应保证:汇入“外债专户”、“还本付息专户”的外汇资金仅限于《登记证》上记载的款项;从其他帐户划入或存入的外汇资金仅限于支付借项目所需的设备、劳务、偿还本息以及经登记部门同意的其他用途。
(二)凭《登记证》和核准件办理债务的调入、偿还手续,并在办理手续后,按要求将收付凭证于次日报送登记部门。
(三)监督所有逐笔登记的外债在调入借款和还本付息时,都必须通过“外债专户”和“还本付息专户”办理。
第十条 违反本细则有下列行为之一的,所在地外汇管理局可根据情节轻重,对有关当事人处以最高不超过所涉及外债金额3%的等值人民币罚款:
(一)故意不办理或拖延办理外债登记手续的;
(二)拒绝向外汇管理局报送或隐瞒、虚报、两次以上迟报“反馈表”的;
(三)伪造、涂改《登记证》的;
(四)擅自开立或保留“外债专户”、“还本付息专户”和所借外债不经过“外债专户”、“还本付息专户”还本付息的,应对借款人和开户行双方进行罚款。
第十一条 本细则由国家外汇管理局负责解释。
第十二条 本细则自公布之日起施行。


(Promulgated by the State Administration of Exchange Control onNovember 10, 1989)

Whole document

RULES FOR THE IMPLEMENTATION OF REGISTRATION OF EXTERNAL DEBTS
(Promulgated by the State Administration of Exchange Control on November
10, 1989)
Article 1
These Rules are formulated in order to implement the Interim
Provisions for the Statistical Work and Supervision of External Debts
(hereinafter referred to as the Provisions).
Article 2
External debts refer to any liabilities resulting from borrowing
abroad for which contractual repayments in foreign currencies are
required. They include:
(1) Loans from international monetary institutions, namely, loans
from the International Monetary Fund, the World Bank, the Asian
Development Bank, the International Agriculture Development Fund and other
international or regional monetary institutions;
(2) Loans from foreign governments, namely, loans provided by foreign
governments in the form of official development assistance to China;
(3) Loans from foreign banks and non-bank financial institutions,
namely, loans from banks, non-bank financial institutions and syndicates
which operate outside China;
(4) Buyer's credit, namely, loans provided by foreign banks offering
export credit for Chinese importing departments or banks to buy equipment
from exporting countries;
(5) Foreign enterprise loans, namely, loans provided by foreign
enterprises that are not financial institutions;
(6) Issuance of foreign currency bonds, which refer to bonds with
denomination values in foreign currencies issued by domestic institutions
on money markets outside China;
(7) International monetary leasing, namely, leases of a fund-raising
nature provided by foreign leasing institutions for domestic institutions;
(8) Delay payment, which refers to a preferential term offered by
foreign exporters to domestic importing departments for the importers to
pay for the goods with a delay of 3 months after the goods have arrived in
China;
(9) Liabilities arising in compensation trade to be repaid directly in
cash, namely, liabilities to be repaid in cash as is stipulated in
compensation trade contracts or liabilities for which repayment is altered
to be in cash instead of in kind (goods) due to certain reason and with
approval, including liabilities to be repaid with export earnings in
foreign exchange.

(10) External debts in other forms, including:
① Foreign currency deposits in domestic monetary institutions by
institutions or individuals abroad;
② Loans obtained by domestic enterprises (including foreign
investment enterprises) from foreign or Chinese-foreign joint-venture
banks which operate in China. Apart from all these, also regarded as
external debts are the following:
① Liabilities transferred into China in various forms by externally
registered institutions, which are to be repaid by domestic institutions;
② External liabilities of Chinese institutions based abroad without
external registration;
③ Foreign loans borrowed by a foreign investment enterprise in the
name of the foreign side of the enterprise to be used as input in funds or
equipment outside the capital investment, which are to be repaid by the
enterprise as is required by a contract signed between the foreign side
and the enterprise or any other legal documents;
④ Liabilities of a foreign debtor for whom a Chinese side has
provided guarantee, and for which the repayment is to be actually made by
the Chinese side;
⑤ Liabilities owned by a wholly foreign-owned enterprise to its
parent company.

Article 3
The State Administration of Exchange Control and its branch offices
are the departments in charge of the registration and administration of
external debts in the country (hereinafter referred to as the registering
departments). The State Administration of Exchange Control takes charge of
the registration of external debts incurred by the ministries and
commissions under the State Council, corporations, banks and head offices
of non-bank financial institutions, which are all based in Beijing, and
its branch offices in localities take charge of the registration of
external debts incurred by local governments, monetary institutions, as
well as units of central departments and head offices of monetary
institutions based in localities.
External debts incurred by a Chinese institution based abroad without
external registration shall be registered by the administration of
exchange control of the locality where the externally based Chinese
institution's parent institution is situated.
Article 4
The registration of external debts is divided into case-by-case
registration and regular registration.
Regular registration applies to external debts incurred by domestic
banks and non-bank financial institutions, and loans offered by foreign
governments and international monetary institutions which fall
respectively under the administration of the Ministry of Foreign Economic
Relations and Trade, the People's Bank of China, the Ministry of
Agriculture and the Bank of China.
Case-by-case registration applies to external debts incurred by
domestic departments other than those governed by regular registration,
and by enterprises (including foreign investment enterprises).
External debts incurred by monetary institutions as entrusted by
enterprises and other institutions are to be registered with the debtors
stipulated in the borrowing contracts handling the procedures for
registration.

Article 5
The procedures for regular registration are as follows:
(1) A debtor unit shall, within 15 days after the first contract on
borrowing is signed, go through registration procedures at the local
administration of exchange control, and receive an External Debts
Registration Certificate (herein-after referred to as the Registration
Certificate) for regular registration.
(2) When new contracts on borrowing are signed or alterations such as
drawing and repayment occur in the debt, a debtor unit shall fill in
monthly a form of the Signing of Contract on External Debts and a Form of
Feedback on the Alterations of External Debts (hereinafter referred to as
the Form of Feedback) registering department within 5 days after the end
of the month.
(3) When a debtor unit needs to open a foreign exchange cash account
with a bank, the unit shall, by submitting the Registration Certificate
and a document approving the opening of the account from the registering
department, go through the necessary procedures for opening a special
foreign exchange cash account relating to external debts (hereinafter
referred to as a special account for external debts) as an appointed bank
with which such an account is opened (hereinafter referred to as the
account opening bank), and send the receipt by mail the following day to
the registering department.

Article 6
The procedures for case-by-case registration are as follows:
(1) The debtor unit shall, within 15 days after a contract on
borrowing is signed, go through the procedures for the registration of
external debts by submitting a duplicate copy of the contract and the
document of approval for the borrowing (such a document of approval is not
necessary for foreign investment enterprises) at the registering
department, and receive a Registration Certificate for case-by-case
registration.
(2) When the borrowed funds are transferred into Chinese territories,
the debtor unit shall, with the remittance instruction and the
Registration Certificate, open a special account for external debts at the
account-opening bank, and go through the procedures for entering the item
into the account.
(3) When due repayment of principal and payment of interest are to be
made, the debtor unit shall, by submitting the Registration Certificate
and the instruction on repaying the principal and paying the interest, get
a document approving the repayment of principal and payment of interest
from the registering department in advance, and go through necessary
procedures at the account-opening bank for the repayment of principal and
payment of interest to be remitted out of the special account for external
debts by submitting the document of approval and the Registration
Certificate to the bank.
(4) After receipts and disbursements are handled and the procedures
for opening an account are implemented, the debtor unit shall fill in the
Form of Feedback in accordance with the instruments of receipts and
disbursements issued by the account-opening bank, and file the following
day the Form of Feedback and a duplicate copy of the certificate of
deposit with the registering department.

(5) A unit incurring a debt in the form of not being transferred into
China, from which no cash in foreign exchange is moved in but for which
repayment of principal and payment of interest are to be remitted out of
China, shall, after the debt has occurred, fill in a Form of Feedback,
and send by mail the following day a duplicate copy of the Form of
Feedback to registering department. When due repayment of principle and
payment of interest are to be made, the debtor unit shall, with the
documents of endorsement by the registration department, go the opening
bank to open a Special Foreign Currency Account for Repayment of Principal
and Payment of Interest Relating to External Debts (herein-after referred
to as special account for the repayment of principal and payment of
interest) with the account-opening bank, and go through necessary
procedures for the remitting of the repayment of principal and payment of
interest.
(6) A unit which deposits the borrowed money outside of Chinese
territories with approval from the State Administration of Exchange
Control or its branch offices shall, through the Form of Feedback, report
to the original registering department on the alterations of the deposit
in each month.
(7) No other accounts are required to be opened when domestic
institutions borrow money from foreign or Chinese-foreign joint venture
banks operating in China, but the domestic institutions shall go through
the procedures for registration and submit the monthly Form of Feedback as
is required by relevant regulations.
(8) When it is necessary for a debtor unit which has received a
Registration Certificate in its own locality to go through the procedures
for opening an account and making repayment of principal and payment of
interest at a bank in another locality, the debtor unit shall, by
submitting the Registration Certificate issued by the registering
department in its own locality, go through the procedures for approving
the repayment of principal and payment of interest as the registering
department in the other locality shall, 3 days after the procedures are
handled, file the duplicate copies of disbursements with the original
registering department.
Article 7
After the last repayment of principal and payment of interest are made
for the debt recorded in the Registration Certificate, the account-opening
bank shall immediately cancel the Special Account for the Repayment of
Principal and Payment of Interest related to the Registration Certificate.
The debtor unit shall return the Registration Certificate within 15 days
to the registering department for cancellation.

Article 8
An account-opening bank shall meet the following requirements:
(1) It must be a domestic bank which has been approved to deal in
foreign exchange;
(2) It can cooperate closely with the registering department in the
supervision over external debts.
The State Administration of Exchange Control and its branch offices
shall appoint account-opening banks in line with the requirements of
business.
Article 9
An account-opening bank shall fulfil the following obligations:
(1) Supervising the use of the accounts. The bank shall ensure that
funds in foreign exchange remitted into the Special Account for External
Debts and the Special Account for the Repayment of Principal and Payment
of Interest are only the funds recorded in the Registration Certificate,
and that funds in foreign exchange deposited in the accounts or
transferred from other accounts can only be used to pay for the equipment
and labour service of the project related to the debt, for the repayment
of principal and payment of interest, or for other usage which has been
approved by the registering department;
(2) Handling the transferring in and repaying of the debts in line
with the Registration Certificate and the document of approval, and filing
the instruments of receipts and disbursements with the registering
department the following day after the procedures are handled;
(3) Supervising external debts under case-by-case registration to
ensure that the transferring in of the loans and the repayment of
principal and payment of interest all go through the Special Account for
External Debts and Special Account for the Repayment of Principal and
Payment of Interest.
Article 10
In the event of any one of the following acts of violating these
Rules, the local administration of exchange control may impose a fine in
RMB on the party concerned, with the amount equivalent to not more than 3
percent of the external debt involved:
(1) Intentionally not to go through or to put off the handling of
procedures for the registration of external debts;
(2) Refusing to submit, or making false registration in, or at least
twice delaying the submission of the Form of Feedback to the
administration of exchange control;
(3) Foreign or altering the Registration Certificate;
(4) The fine shall be imposed on both the debtor and the account for
External Debts or a Special Account for the Repayment of Principal and
Payment of Interest is opened or retained without permission, or when the
repayment of principal and payment of interest are not made out of the
Special Account for the Repayment of Principal and Payment of Interest.

Article 11
The right to interpret these Rules resides in the State Administration
of Exchange Control.
Article 12
These Rules shall go into effect on the day of their promulgation.



1989年11月10日
释放善意不能靠《个体工商户条例》

刘建昆

 
  《个体工商户条例》征求意见稿在一定程度上体现了国家给无固定经营摊贩松绑的意向,具有相当的善意。工商行政管理法规当然并非只在城市实施,因为广袤的农村同样存在无场所经营的问题,只是在城市的情形更为复杂。
  对于城管来说,无论执行“市容法规”还是“工商法规”,其实只是一个表象,城管执法的根本任务有且只有一个,那就是对城市公共设施(公物)进行保护,对公物利用秩序进行管制。
  而对于摊贩来说,“无固定经营场所”,并不等于“无经营场所”,因为城市公共设施就是天然的“经营场所”。除此之外,“有固定经营场所”取得工商登记之后,额外再找上几个“临时经营场所”(通常叫户外经营)也屡见不鲜,为了保护城市公共设施(行政公物)起见,城管对于这些行为同样是进行管制的。
  其实,对于占用城市公共设施(行政公物)进行经营者,无论是否他们具有工商登记,无论其工商登记为公司还是个体工商户,城管都应该适用同样的法规,进行同样的管理。这就要求在立法上,确立一整套完善的城市公共设施(行政公物)利用制度,对于公共设施或者场所在何种时间地点下,以何种程序,面向何人,进行何种利用,加以明确的规定。
  给工商机关修法,却让城管的公物管理权和公物警察权进退失据,这充分证明:绕过立法机关,当年简单的“相对集中行使行政处罚权”虽有一定现实性,却并非建立在科学而完备的行政公物管理理论上,并非是最佳选择。要彻底释放善意,只能依据全新的行政公物管理法规。


二○○九年七月二十四日